Thursday, April 2, 2009

Mezuzah: Protective Amulet or Religious Symbol?



What is the purpose of mezuzah? Is it solely to focus our minds and hearts on God? Or does it also have a protective function for the home?

Dr. Martin Gordon published an article on this topic, “Mezuzah: Protective Amulet or Religious Symbol?” in Tradition 16:4 (Summer 1977) pp. 7-40. It is superbly researched and provides an excellent example of the striking difference between the rationalist and non-rationalist worldviews, as well as the decline of the rationalist worldview in Judaism. (A similar pattern can be shown for many other mitzvos, as I hope to discuss in future posts.) Best of all, the full article can be freely downloaded in PDF format here. Strongly recommended for anyone with an interest in rationalist Judaism!

(If anyone knows how to contact Dr. Gordon, please let me know by e-mail).

5 comments:

  1. Dr. Gordon quotes the Zohar Chadash as saying that the Mal'ach HaMash'chit is deflected by the Shad-dai inscription on the Mezuza. If the statement regarding the name Shad-dai is read in context (see quote below), it is clear that the Zohar Chadash concurs with all other sources that the protection is the result of D'vekut to HaShem.

    פתח רבי יודאי ואמר וכתבתם על מזוזות ביתך ובשעריך. מזוזת כתיב מאי טעמא. אלא אשריהם ישראל שהם מצויינים תמיד במצות בשבתם ובלכתם בשכבם ובקומם דכתיב בשבתך בביתך ובלכתך בדרך ובשכבך ובקומך. ושיהיו ישראל מעוטרים בתורה ובמצות כדי שידבקו תמיד בהקב"ה דכתיב ואתם הדבקים בה' אלהיכם חיים כלכם היום. וכל הדבק בקונו אינו ניזוק לעולם ולא עוד אלא ששני מלאכי השרת מלוין לו לאדם אחד בימינו ואחד בשמאלו דכתיב [תלים צ"א] כי מלאכיו יצוה לך לשמרך בכל דרכיך. ולא עוד אלא שאם תמיד מצוי במצוה כביכול שהקב"ה נעשה לו שומר שנאמר [שם קכא] ה' שומרך. מה עושה הקב"ה נוטל מלאך ההולך בימינו ומעמידו לפניו והוא עומד במקומו שנא' ה' צלך על יד ימינך. ואותו המלאך שהוא משמאלו מעמידו אחרי האדם והקב"ה מימין ומשמאל נמצא האדם נשמר מכל צדדיו מי יוכל להזיק אותו. ועל כן צריך שלא יהא האדם מצוי בלא תורה ובלא מצות אפי' שעה אחת. בביתו הקב"ה שומרו מבחוץ והאדם מבפנים. ותנינן א"ר יוסי בר יהודה פתח המצויין במזוזה אין מזיק ואין שטן ואין פגע רע מתקרב אליו מפני שהקב"ה שומר הפתח אפילו בשעה שניתן רשות למלאך המשחית לחבל זוקף עיניו ורואה ששם שדי עומד על הפתח (כדכתיב) [כביכול] ולא יתן המשחית לבא אל בתיכם לנגוף. לפיכך צריך האדם שיהא תמיד מצוי במצות מזוזה:

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  2. @רפאל:

    Looking at this passage, there is apparently something special about mitsvas mezuzah in particular, firstly given the protection mentioned against particular threats, אין מזיק ואין שטן ואין פגע רע מתקרב אליו, that weren't mentioned in the main part of this passage; also the conclusion that לפיכך צריך האדם שיהא תמיד מצוי במצות מזוזה. Perhaps, rather than Dr. Gordon's suggestion of the protection being on account of the heftsa, one could understand this as deriving from some distinctive growth that one can attain via this mitsvah more than others?

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  3. MazelTov on your interesting new blog!

    Bruce :)
    www.BrucesMidEastSoundbites.Blogspot.com

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  4. See last two paragraphs in the article below from the Spring, 2005Jewish Action where this is briefly discussed; Gordon's article is referenced in footnote 19(perhaps R. Zivotofsky might know how to contact him ?)

    http://www.ou.org/publications/ja/5765/5765spring/LegalEase.pdf

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  5. The Holy Name שדי, written on the mezuzah, demarcates the spheres/boundaries of life thus its gematria is 314, which remarkably, are the first three integers of π Pi.

    שדי (according to its expanded spelling, in which each of the three letters ש ד י are themselves spelled out: שין דלת יוד), shares a gematria of 814 with אָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ Love your fellow as your self (Leviticus 19:18).

    Therefore we see that the practice of affixing a mezuzah to our various entrance and gateways is wondrously connected with loving our fellow (i.e. by inviting him into the sphere of our private life).

    In addition we can see that the Holy Name שדי demarcates spheres/boundaries of life because it is the acronym of שׁוֹמֶר דְלָתוֹת יִשְׂרָאֶל “Guardian of the doors of Israel” (Kol Bo 90, 101:4).

    “Rab Judah further said: At the time that the Holy One, blessed be He, created the world, it went on expanding like two clues of warp [to arrange (yarn) so as to form the warp of a piece of cloth], until the blessed Holy One rebuked it and brought it to a standstill, for it is said: The heavens’ pillars quaver, are dumbfounded by His roar [Job 25:9]. And that, too, is what Resh Lakish said: What is the meaning of the verse, I am El Shaddai [Genesis 17:1]? [It means], “I am the one ש, who, said to the world: די ‘Enough!’” [cf. Zohar 1:16a; 3:251a]. Resh Lakish said: When the blessed Holy One created the sea, it went on expanding, until the blessed Holy One rebuked it and caused it to dry up, for it is said: He rebukes the sea, and makes it dry, and dries up all the rivers [Nahum 1:4]” (BT Hagigah 12a).

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